Decarbonisation of the Solomon Islands Maritime Sector

Solomon Islands' maritime sector forms critical infrastructure for inter-island connectivity and economic development, yet faces an immediate transition imperative. With an average fleet age exceeding 23 years, vessels increasingly require costly maintenance whilst failing to meet rising international environmental standards. Simultaneously, the International Maritime Organization's decarbonisation targets and evolving global climate commitments create regulatory pressures that, paradoxically, present unprecedented opportunities for green investment and fleet modernisation.

Maritime decarbonisation is not a distant aspirational goal but a near-term policy imperative, directly connected to the ocean accounting work undertaken in this pilot. The National Shipping Asset Account, completed as part of Phase 1, quantifies the scale of the challenge with precision: Solomon Islands' maritime fleet capital stock exceeds USD 612 million, representing 38.7 per cent of national GDP. More significantly, the gross capital stock required to replace the entire fleet with modern vessels exceeds USD 1.26 billion. This figure represents the investment imperative not as a climate aspiration but as a practical necessity: these vessels must eventually be replaced regardless of climate commitments.

The strategic opportunity is stark: fleet renewal is unavoidable; the question is whether it occurs deliberately, aligned with international decarbonisation pathways and positioned to access climate finance and technology partnerships, or whether it repeats the status quo by adding another generation of conventional vessels with locked-in emissions for decades to come. Early alignment with decarbonisation frameworks positions Solomon Islands to access climate finance mechanisms, demonstrate institutional readiness to development partners, and establish first-mover advantage within the Pacific region.

Government policy frameworks such as the Maritime Development and Resilience Strategy 2024–2030, the Plan for a Sustainable Maritime Future, and the SIMA Corporate Plan 2024–2027, explicitly prioritise fleet modernisation, workforce development, and decarbonisation. However, translating these commitments into investment-ready actions requires the analytical foundations currently missing: detailed emissions baselines, technology pathway assessments for different vessel segments, clean fuel supply chain evaluation, and financing requirements under different transition scenarios.

This document comprises two complementary components. The Policy Brief: Developing a Decarbonisation Roadmap specifies the analytical work required to move from strategic intent to bankable projects. The Training and Capacity Building Overview recognises that technology deployment alone is insufficient—a skilled workforce across eight occupational categories, from deck officers optimising energy-efficient operations to regulatory staff implementing decarbonisation policies, forms the foundation for successful transition. Together, these components establish the technical and human foundations necessary to translate the evidence created through the Ocean Account pilot into operational maritime decarbonisation.

Policy Brief: Developing a Decarbonisation Roadmap for Solomon Islands Domestic Maritime Sector

1. Opening Statement

• Solomon Islands has launched the Plan for a Sustainable Maritime Future, establishing strategic direction for decarbonising domestic shipping and ports

• Translating this strategic vision into investment-ready actions requires a detailed technical roadmap: fleet transition scenarios, clean fuel pathway assessments, and data systems to track progress

• This policy brief makes the case for developing that analytical foundation to guide investment decisions and unlock climate finance

• Co-benefits of this work include: improved fuel cost projections, energy security planning, evidence for funding proposals, and a replicable approach for other Pacific SIDS (leveraging partnerships with key regional organisations)

2. The Case for a Detailed Decarbonisation Roadmap

Section A: Current State and Evidence Gaps

The Solomon Islands Plan for a Sustainable Maritime Future establishes a clear vision and four strategic pillars for action. However, implementing partners and investors require additional analytical work to move from strategy to bankable projects:

• Emissions baseline: Domestic maritime emissions have not been systematically quantified, limiting the ability to set targets and measure progress

• Fleet data: While vessel registration data exists, detailed operational profiles (routes, fuel consumption, utilisation) are not consolidated for planning purposes

• Technology pathways: The plan identifies the need for fleet modernisation and clean technologies, but does not specify which technologies suit which vessel segments or routes

• Fuel options: Local clean fuel supply potential (biofuels, solar-electric) has not been assessed against maritime demand

• Investment requirements: Without modelled scenarios, it is difficult to estimate the financing needed for different transition pathways

Section B: What a Detailed Roadmap Would Deliver
A comprehensive decarbonisation roadmap study would provide:

Fleet Transition Scenarios
• Emissions baseline and projections under different intervention pathways

• Analysis of fleet segments by vessel type, age, route, and operational profile

• Comparison of technology options for each segment (retrofit vs. replacement, propulsion types)

• Investment cost estimates and financing requirements under each scenario

• Compliance cost savings under proposed IMO carbon levy for large vessels

• Prioritised intervention sequence to maximise emissions reduction per dollar invested

Clean Fuel Pathway Assessment
• Assessment of fuel options suitable for Solomon Islands context (biodiesel, electric, hybrid, modern clean fuels)

• Evaluation of local clean fuel production potential and supply chain requirements

• Matching fuel options to vessel segments based on operational requirements

• Fuel security and import substitution analysis

Small Craft Electrification Assessment
• Mapping of small craft usage patterns and community connectivity needs

• Technical and economic feasibility of electric outboard motors for different use cases

• Charging infrastructure requirements and integration with existing mini-grids

• Pilot site selection criteria and programme design

MRV System Design
• Specification of data collection requirements for domestic fleet monitoring

• System architecture for fuel consumption reporting and emissions tracking

• Capacity requirements at SIMA for data management and verification

• Implementation plan and cost estimates for MRV infrastructure

Section C: Why This Matters for Investment

Development partners and climate finance mechanisms increasingly require robust evidence before committing funds. A detailed roadmap study would:

• Strengthen funding proposals: Quantified baselines and projected impacts demonstrate value for money

• Enable results-based finance: MRV systems allow access to climate finance mechanisms that pay for verified emissions reductions

• De-risk investment decisions: Scenario analysis helps identify cost-effective interventions and avoid stranded assets

• Support policy development: Evidence base informs regulatory decisions on incentives, standards, and enforcement priorities

• Create replicable methodology: Approach can be adapted for other Pacific SIDS facing similar challenges

3. Strategic Alignment

A detailed decarbonisation roadmap directly supports implementation of existing commitments:

• Solomon Islands Plan for a Sustainable Maritime Future: Provides the analytical backbone for all four strategic pillars and the identified implementing projects

• Long-Term Low Emission Development Strategy (LEDS): Supports achievement of sector-specific maritime targets and the 2070 net-zero commitment

• Nationally Determined Contributions (NDC): Contributes to economy-wide emissions reduction targets with maritime-specific evidence

• Pacific One Maritime Framework (POMF) 2025–2070: Demonstrates regional leadership and generates lessons for other Pacific island states

• IMO GHG Strategy: Aligns domestic action with international maritime decarbonisation efforts

4. Proposed Approach

The roadmap study would be structured in phases:

• Phase 1 – Data Collection and Baseline: Consolidate fleet registry data, collect fuel consumption information from operators, establish emissions baseline methodology

• Phase 2 – Scenario Development: Model fleet transition pathways, assess technology options by vessel segment, quantify investment requirements and emissions trajectories

• Phase 3 – Clean Fuel and Electrification Assessment: Evaluate local fuel production potential, assess small craft electrification feasibility, identify pilot opportunities

• Phase 4 – MRV System Design: Specify data systems, capacity requirements, and implementation plan for ongoing monitoring

• Phase 5 – Investment Roadmap: Synthesise findings into prioritised action plan with financing strategy and implementation timeline

5. Financing the Roadmap Study

The roadmap study itself can be supported through:

• Technical assistance programmes: IMO technical cooperation, Pacific Community (SPC), bilateral development partners

• Climate finance readiness funding: GCF Readiness Programme, GEF enabling activities

• Regional programmes: Pacific regional maritime initiatives that include analytical components

• Research partnerships: Universities and research institutions with expertise in maritime energy systems and Pacific contexts

The completed roadmap would then position Solomon Islands to access larger-scale financing for implementation, including climate finance mechanisms, development bank lending, and blended finance for fleet renewal.

6. Conclusion

Solomon Islands has established clear strategic direction for maritime decarbonisation through the Plan for a Sustainable Maritime Future. The next step is developing the detailed analytical foundation that turns strategic intent into investment-ready actions.

A comprehensive decarbonisation roadmap study would deliver fleet transition scenarios, clean fuel pathway assessments, small craft electrification analysis, and MRV system specifications. This evidence base would strengthen funding proposals, enable results-based climate finance, and guide cost-effective technology choices.

Development partners are invited to support this foundational work, which would position Solomon Islands as a leader in Pacific maritime decarbonisation and create replicable approaches for the region.

Training and Capacity Building for a Decarbonised Maritime Sector

An Overview of Training Needs for Seafarers and Port Workers

1. Introduction

The transition to a decarbonised maritime sector introduces new technologies, fuels, and operational practices that require a workforce equipped with new skills and knowledge. This document provides an overview of the training materials and resources needed to support different categories of maritime workers through this transition.

Training investments serve multiple purposes: ensuring safe operations with new technologies, maximising the efficiency gains from green vessels and equipment, enabling local employment in emerging maritime roles, and building institutional capacity for ongoing workforce development.

This overview is organised by workforce category, with each section identifying the key competencies required, priority training topics, suggested resources and delivery methods, and certification considerations.

2. Workforce Categories and Training Needs

2.1 Deck Officers (Masters, Mates, Navigation Officers)

Role in decarbonisation: Deck officers are responsible for voyage planning, speed optimisation, and operational decisions that directly impact fuel consumption and emissions. They must understand how to operate vessels efficiently and safely with new propulsion systems and fuels.

Key Competencies Required

· Energy-efficient voyage planning and weather routing

· Speed optimisation and just-in-time arrival concepts

· Understanding of emissions monitoring and reporting requirements

· Safety procedures for alternative fuels (hydrogen, ammonia, methanol, biofuels)

· Operation of hybrid and electric propulsion systems

· Emergency response procedures for new fuel types and battery systems

Priority Training Topics

· Ship Energy Efficiency Management Plan (SEEMP) implementation

· Carbon Intensity Indicator (CII) and Energy Efficiency Existing Ship Index (EEXI) compliance

· Alternative fuel properties, hazards, and safe handling

· Battery and electrical system safety

· Data collection and reporting for MRV systems

Suggested Resources and Delivery

· IMO Model Courses (updated for decarbonisation topics)

· Simulator-based training for energy-efficient operations

· Online modules for regulatory compliance and reporting

· Manufacturer-specific training for new propulsion systems

2.2 Marine Engineers (Chief Engineers, Engineering Officers)

Role in decarbonisation: Marine engineers operate and maintain propulsion and auxiliary systems. They are at the frontline of the technology transition, responsible for ensuring new systems operate safely and efficiently.

Key Competencies Required

· Operation and maintenance of dual-fuel and alternative fuel engines

· Battery management systems and high-voltage electrical safety

· Fuel cell technology (for hydrogen/ammonia systems)

· Hybrid propulsion system integration and optimisation

· Exhaust gas treatment and emissions control systems

· Energy monitoring and performance optimisation

Priority Training Topics

· LNG, methanol, ammonia, and hydrogen fuel systems

· Lithium-ion battery systems: operation, maintenance, thermal management, and emergency response

· Electric motor and power electronics fundamentals

· Waste heat recovery and energy efficiency technologies

· Biofuel compatibility and fuel quality management

Suggested Resources and Delivery

· IMO Model Course 7.04 (Engineer Officer) supplemented with green technology modules

· Engine room simulator training with alternative fuel scenarios

· Hands-on workshops with equipment manufacturers

· High-voltage safety certification (aligned with STCW requirements)

2.3 Ratings (Able Seafarers, General Purpose Ratings)

Role in decarbonisation: Ratings support deck and engine operations. Their awareness of safe practices and ability to respond to emergencies involving new fuels and systems is essential for shipboard safety.

Key Competencies Required

· Basic understanding of alternative fuels and associated hazards

· Safe bunkering procedures for new fuel types

· Emergency response for battery fires, fuel leaks, and toxic exposure

· Use of personal protective equipment for new hazards

· Energy-saving practices in daily operations

Priority Training Topics

· Fuel-specific safety awareness (ammonia toxicity, hydrogen flammability, battery thermal runaway)

· Updated firefighting techniques for lithium-ion batteries and alternative fuels

· First aid for chemical exposure

· Basic electrical safety for high-voltage systems

Suggested Resources and Delivery

· Updated Basic Safety Training (BST) modules incorporating green technology hazards

· Toolbox talks and safety briefings onboard

· Visual aids and multilingual safety materials

· Practical drills for emergency scenarios

2.4 Small Craft Operators (Outboard Motor Boat Operators)

Role in decarbonisation: Small craft operators provide essential last-mile connectivity in island communities. As electric outboard motors become viable, these operators need skills to safely operate, charge, and maintain electric systems.

Key Competencies Required

· Operation of electric outboard motors

· Battery charging procedures and safety

· Range management and voyage planning for electric propulsion

· Basic troubleshooting and maintenance

· Water safety around electrical systems

Priority Training Topics

· Electric motor operation and controls

· Battery care: charging cycles, storage, lifespan management

· Safe handling of batteries (avoiding water ingress, physical damage)

· Emergency procedures for battery faults

· Efficient operation to maximise range

Suggested Resources and Delivery

· Practical, hands-on training at community level

· Simple visual guides in local languages (Pijin, local vernaculars)

· Training delivered alongside electric motor pilot programmes

· Peer-to-peer learning and community champions approach

2.5 Port Equipment Operators (Crane Operators, Forklift Drivers, Vehicle Operators)

Role in decarbonisation: Port equipment is increasingly electrified or powered by alternative fuels. Operators need to transition from diesel-powered to electric or hybrid equipment while maintaining safety and efficiency.

Key Competencies Required

· Operation of electric and hybrid cargo handling equipment

· Charging procedures and battery swap protocols

· Energy-efficient operation techniques

· Safety around high-voltage equipment

Priority Training Topics

· Electric forklift and reach stacker operation

· Charging station use and battery management

· Regenerative braking and energy recovery systems

· Safety procedures for electrical faults

Suggested Resources and Delivery

· Equipment-specific training from manufacturers during procurement

· Practical certification programmes at port facilities

· Refresher training integrated with regular safety programmes

2.6 Port Technical and Maintenance Staff

Role in decarbonisation: Technical staff maintain port infrastructure, including new charging systems, shore power connections, and alternative fuel bunkering facilities. Their skills are critical for ensuring reliable green port operations.

Key Competencies Required

· Installation and maintenance of shore power systems

· Electric vehicle and equipment charging infrastructure

· Solar PV system maintenance (for green port initiatives)

· Alternative fuel storage and transfer systems

· High-voltage electrical safety and certification

Priority Training Topics

· Shore power connection systems and standards

· Battery storage system maintenance

· Renewable energy system integration

· Biofuel and future fuel storage and handling

· Preventive maintenance for green infrastructure

Suggested Resources and Delivery

· Technical vocational training in electrical and renewable energy systems

· Apprenticeship programmes with green port projects

· Manufacturer training for specific equipment

· High-voltage certification aligned with national electrical standards

2.7 Port and Maritime Managers (Operations, Safety, Environmental)

Role in decarbonisation: Managers set operational policies, allocate resources, and ensure compliance with environmental regulations. Their understanding of decarbonisation strategy and regulatory requirements shapes organisational direction.

Key Competencies Required

· Understanding of IMO regulations and national decarbonisation policies

· Carbon accounting and emissions reporting

· Green technology assessment and procurement

· Climate finance and funding mechanisms

· Change management for organisational transition

Priority Training Topics

· IMO GHG Strategy and MARPOL Annex VI requirements

· Port environmental management systems

· Green port certification schemes (e.g., EcoPorts, Green Award)

· Business case development for green investments

· Stakeholder engagement and communication

Suggested Resources and Delivery

· Executive courses on maritime decarbonisation (IMO, World Maritime University)

· Regional workshops and peer learning networks

· Study tours to green ports in the region

· Online courses from maritime training providers

2.8 Maritime Regulatory and Administrative Staff (SIMA, SIPA)

Role in decarbonisation: Regulatory staff implement and enforce maritime laws, manage vessel registrations, conduct inspections, and oversee MRV systems. Their capacity directly affects the effectiveness of decarbonisation policies.

Key Competencies Required

· Knowledge of international maritime environmental regulations

· Port State Control inspection for energy efficiency and emissions compliance

· MRV data management and verification

· Flag State responsibilities for GHG reporting

· Certification of seafarer competencies in new technologies

Priority Training Topics

· MARPOL Annex VI and IMO Data Collection System (DCS)

· CII and EEXI verification and enforcement

· Alternative fuel safety standards and certification

· Inspection protocols for vessels using new fuels/technologies

· National emissions inventory for maritime sector

Suggested Resources and Delivery

· IMO technical cooperation programmes and fellowships

· Pacific Community (SPC) regional training workshops

· Bilateral technical assistance from maritime administrations in partner countries

· World Maritime University courses and distance learning

3. Summary: Training Needs by Workforce Category

The following table provides a high-level summary of training priorities and delivery approaches for each workforce category.

4. Implementation Considerations

4.1 Institutional Capacity

The Solomon Islands Maritime College and Solomon Islands National University (SINU) are key institutions for delivering maritime training. Supporting these institutions to update curricula, acquire training equipment, and develop instructor capacity is essential. Partnerships with regional institutions (e.g., Australia Pacific Training Coalition, Pacific Community) can supplement local capacity.

4.2 Certification and Standards

As new competencies become essential, SIMA should work with the IMO and regional partners to ensure that certification frameworks are updated to reflect decarbonisation skills. This includes integrating new STCW requirements for alternative fuels and high-voltage systems as they are adopted internationally.

4.3 Inclusion and Access

Training programmes should actively promote gender inclusion and provide opportunities for women to enter and advance in maritime careers. Training materials should be accessible, including in local languages where appropriate, and delivery methods should accommodate learners in remote locations through mobile training units or distance learning.

4.4 Phased Approach

Training investments should be sequenced alongside technology deployment. As electric outboard motors are introduced, community-level training should be delivered concurrently. As larger vessels adopt alternative fuels, officer and engineer training should be in place before deployment. This ensures workforce readiness matches technology adoption.

4.5 Funding and Partnerships

Training and capacity building can be supported through development partner programmes, IMO technical cooperation, and equipment manufacturer partnerships. Embedding training requirements into vessel procurement and infrastructure projects ensures that capacity building is funded alongside hardware investments.

5. Conclusion

A skilled workforce is the foundation of a successful maritime decarbonisation transition. Without trained seafarers, port workers, and regulatory staff, investments in new technologies and infrastructure will not deliver their intended benefits.

This overview identifies the competencies required across eight workforce categories, from deck officers operating energy-efficient vessels to small craft operators in remote communities transitioning to electric propulsion. Each category has distinct training needs that require tailored content and delivery methods.

Priority actions include updating maritime training curricula to incorporate decarbonisation topics, building instructor capacity at the Solomon Islands Maritime College, developing practical training programmes aligned with technology pilot projects, and ensuring certification frameworks recognise new competencies.

By investing in people alongside technology, Solomon Islands can ensure that the benefits of maritime decarbonisation—reduced costs, improved safety, local employment, and environmental protection—are fully realised.